Investment is a fundamental element in securing your financial future and achieving your long-term goals. In the previous article, we discussed the difference between investment and saving in general, and how to balance them to preserve your money. In this article, we will focus on types of investment because they are numerous and diverse, and each choice has advantages and disadvantages. We will help you understand more about the most important and popular investment methods.
A- The Stock Market:
Simply put, it is a market where the seller and the buyer meet, but it is not a market for goods, rather it is a market for securities such as stocks, bonds, and investment funds.
1- Stocks:
Suppose there is a company that wants to increase its capital or expand further. It can do something called an “Initial Public Offering” (IPO), which means that the company is listed on the stock market, and therefore anyone can buy a part of this company. You can become a buyer and own a share. As the company makes a profit, you will have a percentage of the profits since you are a shareholder. As the value of the company grows, the price of your share increases, and you can benefit from it by selling it.
Advantages of investing in stocks:
- It helps combat inflation because you are putting your money into a valuable financial asset that grows over time.
- It is easy to buy and sell, thus providing you with financial liquidity.
- As the economy grows, your investment grows.
Disadvantages of investing in stocks:
- The stock market is always volatile and risky, so the value of your shares can decrease significantly and unexpectedly, causing you to lose all your money. Therefore, there is no guarantee of return on your investment (you are a partner in profit and loss).
- You need much experience and knowledge of the stock market, financial data, market trends, company performance, economic conditions, and political events.
- There are fees and currencies on your returns.
2- Bonds.
If a government or company wants to fund a specific project and needs money, but doesn’t want a partnership like stocks, they issue bonds. With bonds, you lend the company a certain amount for an agreed-upon period, and in return, you receive periodic interest in the form of coupons. At the end of the period, you receive the full amount you initially invested.
Advantages of bonds:
- They provide a fixed income through periodic interest.
- Their risks are lower than stocks.
Disadvantages of bonds:
- The return is low because there is no risk (as a general rule, the higher the risk, the higher the return).
- The value of your investment may decrease due to inflation since your money is tied up for a specific period.
3- Mutual Funds (found in the stock market and banks):
If you want to invest in bonds or stocks but don’t have the expertise or time, and you also want to guarantee your money in certificates or bank deposits, then mutual funds are the solution. They are a fund with money from a large number of investors, managed by experts on your behalf. They have a strategy to achieve profits, and the fund invests in multiple financial instruments, such as stocks, bonds, certificates of deposit, or a combination of these based on the fund’s type and direction. They provide periodic or cumulative returns.
Advantages of mutual funds:
- You can withdraw your money at any time without penalty, unlike certificates.
- Professionals with expertise manage your investment, so you don’t have to spend time or effort tracking it.
- Diversification and investment in multiple things at the same time.
Disadvantages of mutual funds:
- They have administrative fees and expenses, which are deducted from your investment, whether the fund makes a profit or not, reducing your return rate.
- The profits are not fixed or guaranteed.
B – Real Estate.
It is one of the safest commodities at any time and in any place because the need for housing is always a priority for human needs. This means that when you invest in real estate, you ensure that you will achieve a high return because it is a permanent investment as long as there are people. The real estate market is one of the markets that is characterized by its growth, especially in Egypt. According to a report by the global real estate consulting company, Knight Frank, “Real estate prices in Egypt rose by 7.5% in 2020, making it one of the fastest-growing real estate markets in the world.”
Advantages:
- It provides a steady and continuous income if you buy a property and rent it out.
- Its value increases over time, which means that you can earn more money if you decide to sell it.
- It is one of the investments that preserve your money and face inflation to a great extent.
- You have complete control over your investment, unlike stocks and funds.
- There is no risk involved.
- It is a tangible asset and easy to deal with even without much experience.
- It is a permanent and continuous investment for you and your family.
- There is great diversity in the real estate market so that you can invest in residential, commercial, medical, or industrial units.
Disadvantages:
- Unlike stocks, you cannot sell a part of it if you need some money.
- It requires effort to manage the property, collect rent, and maintain it.
- If you choose a property in an unremarkable location or one with many problems, it will be difficult, effortful, and time-consuming to sell it later on.
C- Gold.
It is one of the precious metals, known for its importance since ancient times. It is a store of value, which is why it is used for investment purposes.
Advantages:
- A physical asset that can be stored, unlike stocks and bonds.
- A haven asset, as it tends to retain its value.
- One of the most widely demanded financial assets globally. The global demand for gold in 2021 was more than 815 tons.
- Its market trends and future prices can be easily identified, as it is linked to the price of the dollar.
Disadvantages:
- It does not generate any continuous cash flow like interest and profits from certificates and stocks. You buy it and wait for the price to rise before selling it and making a profit from the price difference.
- It is greatly affected by political situations, causing significant fluctuations in its prices.
- If you store gold in a bank vault, for example, you will incur storage and insurance fees.
- You may face difficulty selling it.
There are many types of investments, each with its advantages and disadvantages. It is natural to be unsure of the best decision to make and which one will help you invest your money properly and earn more. However, real estate investment remains the safest and most profitable investment, and your money will increase year after year, as real estate prices always experience continuous growth due to high demand. This is according to a report issued by “Knight Frank” a real estate company, which stated that real estate prices in Egypt have been rising since 2020, with apartment prices increasing by 14%, villas by 8%, and lands by 20%. Therefore, economic experts always advise investing in real estate because it protects your money and provides high returns in the short and long term. In the next article, we will provide more information about investing in real estate, as well as tips for investors who want to start and succeed in this field. Stay tuned.
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Type of investment, financial investments, real estate investment, stock investment, commodity investment, digital currency investment, investment in investment funds, gold investment, wealth management, investment
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